A research team at University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston assessed how 102 patients with an allergy used an epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector device and a group of 44 patients who used a metered-dose inhaler to treat their asthma.

They found that only 7% of asthma patients used their metered-dose inhaler properly, and there was only a 16% success rate of patients using an epinephrine auto-injector device properly.