Researchers have successfully used a blood test and microarray technology to identify distinct molecular signatures in children with cystic fibrosis, patterns that could ultimately help predict disease severity and treatment response and create individualized therapies.

To identify baseline molecular signatures in cystic fibrosis, researchers obtained genomic information from patients’ blood samples using cutting-edge technologies such as Affymetric array and Illumina MiSeq. The team then merged this genomic information with each individual’s clinical history gathered from electronic medical records. They compared this snapshot of patient-specific data with healthy controls. Their study provides strong evidence for distinct molecular signatures in cystic fibrosis patients that correlate with clinical outcomes.

“Our findings pave the way to precision medicine for cystic fibrosis patients, eventually helping us match treatment to each patient’s unique genomic pattern of disease,” says lead author Hara Levy, MD, MMSc, from Manne Research Institute at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago.

“Our study was the first to identify molecular signatures of cystic fibrosis from a blood test taken during a routine clinic visit, giving us a baseline. Greater understanding of these molecular signatures may lead to unique molecular markers that could help us intervene earlier to changes in a patient’s inflammatory response to airway infection or pancreatic function, allowing us to provide more focused treatment. It would be a huge improvement over the one-size-fits-all treatment approach we currently have for patients with cystic fibrosis.”

Although cystic fibrosis is caused by dysfunction of a single gene (CFTR) and treatment that targets CFTR mutations is available, the relationships between the abnormal gene product, development of inflammation and disease progression are not fully understood. This limits the ability to predict a patient’s clinical course, provide individualized treatment and rapidly monitor treatment response.

For example, it is not clear why patients with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to chronic lung infections, since they are considered to have a functional immune system.

“We are now trying to discover why patients with cystic fibrosis become infected so easily,” says Dr. Levy. “We are taking a closer look at the immune cells that make up many of the molecular signatures we found in cystic fibrosis.”

More study is needed before precision medicine for cystic fibrosis reaches the clinic.

“With more research, a blood test to gather genomic specifics of each patient’s disease might be available in the clinic within the next five years,” says Dr. Levy. “Precision medicine will revolutionize care for cystic fibrosis patients.”