In an analysis of over 65,000 infants from Japan, children exposed to pet cats or indoor dogs during fetal development or early infancy tended to have fewer food allergies compared to other children, according to a study published in PLOS ONE.
Across some high-income countries, over one in 10 children are diagnosed with food allergies, and the incidence of food allergies in children continues to rise, according to researchers in the study. Previous research has suggested a potential link between dog or farm animal exposure in pregnancy and early childhood and the reduction of food allergies.
In this study, Hisao Okabe, MD, from the Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (a nationwide, prospective birth cohort study) and colleagues used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study to look at 66,215 children for whom data on exposure to various pets and food allergies were available.
About 22% were exposed to pets during the fetal period (most commonly indoor dogs and cats). Among children exposed to indoor dogs and cats, there was a significantly reduced incidence of food allergies. There was no significant difference for children in households with outdoor dogs.
Children exposed to indoor dogs were significantly less likely to experience egg, milk, and nut allergies specifically, while children exposed to cats were significantly less likely to have egg, wheat, and soybean allergies. Perhaps surprisingly, children exposed to hamsters (0.9% of the total group studied) had significantly greater incidence of nut allergies.
The data used were self-reported (supplemented by medical record data gathered during the first trimester of pregnancy, at delivery, and at the one-month check-up), so it relies on the accurate recall of participants. Additionally, this study cannot determine if the link between pet exposure and food allergy incidence is causative.
Still, the authors suggest that these results can help guide future research into the mechanisms behind childhood food allergies.
